SIDEE WAX LOO AKHRIYAA?
Akhriska: waa hab loo macneeyo, loo fahmo, loona dhugto ereyo ku dhigan meel. Akhrisku waa isha korisa aqoonta iyo waayo aragnimada qofka iyo bulshadaba, akhriska dabarkiisuna waa qoraal si uu u sugmo.
Waxa tixdan ku cabiray qiimaha qoraalka Allah ha u naxariistee Abwaan Cabdi-Sinimoo, waxaanu yidhi “Wixii la qoraa qurooma hadhee, muxuu hadal qiimo leeyahay” (Cabdi-Sinimoo, 1943).
Si aan awood u yeelano waan inan wax akhrinaa, buugguna waa weel iftiin ku jiro kaas oo gaadhaya gudaha qalbiga akhristaha (Cassra Bond, 1972).
Cidda ay u fududahay wax akhrisku waxa u fudud inay guulaysto waayo waxa uu goostay beeraha caalamka (John Herschel, 1871).
Mid kamid ah culimada islaamka ayaa yidhi “afarrtan sannadood meeshan istaago ama aan seexdo laabtayda waxa saarnaa buug”
Culimada islaamka waxa kamid ah culimo ay buugaagtoodii ku soo duntay, waxa kale oo kamid ahaa qaar kiraysan jirey maktabadaha si ay habeenkii u seexdaan oo wax u akhriyaan buugaagta taala.
Abwaan Maxamed Xaashi Dhamac (Gaariye) waa kii lahaa
“Ninkastaa ha tookhee, far baa lagu tanaadaa, haddaan qalinka loo tudhin, wax-qoraalka laga tego, lama taabbto galin karo.
Ereyo xambaarsan wax akhriska waxa laga soo tabiyey aqoonyahayn Shiine u dhashay “Si kasta oo aad mashquul u tahay, waxa waajib ah in aad ammin u samayso akhriska, haddaad sidaa samayn waydo adaa si badheedh ah naftaadii ugu dhiibay jahliga”
Akhrisku waa inuu ujeedo lahaada, hadaba waxaan halkan ku soo gudbinyaa qaar kamid ah ujeeddooyinka akhriska, sida aan ka soo xigtay buugga “HOW TO READ” oo uu qoray Mortimer J. Adler. Mortimer waxuu buuggiisa ku sheegay ujeedooyin akhris oo kala ah
I. Akhris macluumada korarsi, waa mid uu macluumaad ku raadinyo shakhsigu si uu aqoon u korosado aqoontaasi oo u adeegsanyo inu ku cibaadaysto iyo kuwo uu ku maareeyo qaybaha kala duwan ee nolosha shakhsiga ah iyo bulshadaba.
II. Akhris fahan (reading for understanding): oo ah inaad wax akhrido si aad u fahanto wax aad u baahan tahay.
Si aan kula soocno akhris macluumad korarsi iyo akhris fahan maalin walaba waxa aan akhrinaa dhacdooyinka dhaca ee lagu qoro jaraa;idka akhriskaasina waxaan ka dheefnaa helidda macluumadka kuwaaso kordhiya kaydka macluumaad, dhinaca kale akhris fahan waa buug uu qoray qoraa
III. Akhris ku madadaalsho; waa akhris la akhriyo wakhti isku dhaafin ah oo aan faa;ido buuran laga helaynin.
Heerarka akhriska (Levels of reading)
I. Akhriska kicinta (elementary reading): kani waa akhriska isku kicinta xarfaha, weedhaha iyo jumladaha, waxaanu dhacaa xiliga akhris barashada ee hoose.
II. Akhris guud mara ah (Inspectional reading) kani waa akhris indhaha la marinyo qoraal muddo gaaban, lagana baranyo macluumaadka ku jira buuga.
III. Akhris lafagurid ah (analytical reading): waa rogrogid akhris oo si gun dheer loo akhrinayo dhigane si loo soo faqo aqoonta ku duugan muddo aan xadidnayn la akhrinayo.
IV. Akhris fahan (synoptic reading) waa akhris uu akhriyuhu fahmyo macluumaad kala duwan oo kadibna uu is barbardhigaayo macluumadkaasi, uuna naqdin karo kan samayn karo dood iyo fikir curinba.
HABABKA WAX-AKHRISKA
Hababka wax akhrisku waa badan yihiin waxa kamid ah SQ3R oo ah habka u caansan oo uu iska leeyahy qoraaga buuga Effective Study oo ahaa Francis P. Robinson,
A. Survey (guud mar): waa dul marid casharka ama cutubka, iyadoo la akhriyayo qaybta, qaybo hoosaadyada, hordhaca ama soo koobida cutubka, ujeedooyinka casharka iyo meelaha sida gaar ka ah uu u calaamadeeyey qoraaagu.
B. Question (suaalo): qayb walaba u bedel suaalo sida ciwaanada, ciwaan hoosaadka ama ujeedada casharka (lesson objectives) ka.
C. Read (akhri): akhri qayb walba si aad uga jawaabto suaalihii aad qortay. Haddii qaybo cusub soo baxaan oo casharka ah ka same suaalo.
D. Recite (kor u akhri): ku dhawaaq suaalhii aad qoratay oo ka jawaab adoo is maqashiinya oo xasuustaada isticmaalya, hubina in jawaabtu sax tahay.
E. Review (dib u eegis): dib u eegis ku samee dhammaan waxaad soo akhrisay adigoo xasuustaada isticmaalya.
Sidee caado wax akhris loo sameystaa?.
Sida uu ku sheegay buuga ATOMIC HABITS waxa uu leeyahay James Clear sidan:-
Caado (habit) waa shaqo si joogto ah loo qabto. Si caado loo sameyo waxay martaa meerto u dhigan sidan
A. Calaamad (clue) maskaxdaadu waa inay bilowdaa caadadan wax akhris oo aad maanka ku haysaa;
B. Rabitaan (craving): waa inay jirtaa doonis (motivation) kugu dhiiri galineysa inaad wax akhrido;
C. Falcelin (Response): waa hirgalinta aad ku dhaqaaqayso inaad akhrido.
D. Abaalmarin (reward): inaad gaadho ujeedadii aad wax u akhriyeysay oo ah in aqoontu kuu koradho.
Tixraac
1. How to read by Mortimer J. Adler. :-https://www.thriftbooks.com/a/mortimer-j-adler/201029/
2. Effective study by Francis P. Robinson :- https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_P._Robinson
3. Atomic habits by James Clear :- https://jamesclear.com/books
4. Tabaha akhriska by Maajid Guulwade. :- https://www.facebook.com/MaajidQureishi
